PHYTOCHEMICAL, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY, ANALGESIC, ANTIPYRETIC AND ACUTE TOXICITY OF PSIADIA PUNCTULATA GROWING IN YEMEN

Background: Psiadia punctulata growing in Yemen is used traditionally for different medicinal purpose, such as in casts of broken bones and for relief of pain, fever and abdominal pain. Objective: To determine the chemical composition and to assess the anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activity of P. punctulata leaf extracts. Method: Phytochemical screening of P. punctulata ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts were performed using chemical tests and thin layer chromatography. An acute oral toxicity study was conducted in rats by administering oral ethanol leaf extract of up to 5000 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity of orally administered ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts (200, 400 mg/kg) and diclofenac (20 mg/kg) were evaluated using a formalin-induced inflammation rat model. The analgesic activity of orally administered ethyl acetate and ethanol leaf extracts (100, 200, 300mg/kg), compared to diclofenac (20 mg/kg) were evaluated by a formalin-based test as well. The antipyretic activity of oral ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts (400 mg/kg) versus paracetamol (150mg/kg) was assessed in Baker’s Yeast-induced pyrexia rats. Results: The phytochemical analyses indicated the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, steroids, phenolic compounds/tannins, phytosterols, saponins, gum and mucilage. The ethanol extract of the plant was apparently safe in rats at doses as high as 5000 mg/kg body weight. Time- and dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity of the ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts (200 and 400 mg/kg) were clearly observed in rats. The results showed that both extracts exerted significant analgesic and antipyretic effects. Conclusion: Psiadia punctulata possess anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antipyretic activities with a wide safety margin.   Peer Review History: Received: 22 September 2020; Revised: 7 October; Accepted: 26 October, Available online: 15 November 2020 UJPR follows the most transparent and toughest ‘Advanced OPEN peer review’ system. The identity of the authors and, reviewers will be known to each other. This transparent process will help to eradicate any possible malicious/purposeful interference by any person (publishing staff, reviewer, editor, author, etc) during peer review. As a result of this unique system, all reviewers will get their due recognition and respect, once their names are published in the papers. We expect that, by publishing peer review reports with published papers, will be helpful to many authors for drafting their article according to the specifications. Auhors will remove any error of their article and they will improve their article(s) according to the previous reports displayed with published article(s). The main purpose of it is ‘to improve the quality of a candidate manuscript’. Our reviewers check the ‘strength and weakness of a manuscript honestly’. There will increase in the perfection, and transparency. Received file: Comments of reviewer(s): Average Peer review marks at initial stage: 6.5/10 Average Peer review marks at publication stage: 8.0/10 Reviewer(s) detail: Dr. Gehan Fawzy Abdel Raoof Kandeel, Pharmacognosy Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622,  Giza, Egypt, gehankandeel9@yahoo.com Ahmad Najib, Department of Pharmacognosy-Phytochemystry Universitas Muslim Indonesia-Indonesia, ahmad.najib@umi.ac.id Similar Articles: ESTIMATION OF ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITY AS WELL AS APOPTOTIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF CROCUS SATIVUS ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTI-OXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOL EXTRACT OF BAPHIA NITIDA PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND IN-VITRO ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL EVALUATIONS OF METHANOLIC EXTRACTS OF COCOS NUCIFERA (L.) LEAVES PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND THIN LAYER CHROMATOGRAPHIC OF PRUNUS DULCIS (ALMOND) MEDICINAL PLANT LEAVES USED IN FOLK MEDICINE FOR TREATMENT OF WOUNDS AND BURNS IN HUFASH DISTRICT AL MAHWEET GOVERNORATE–YEMEN