Venous Thrombosis Secondary to Acute Cytomegalovirus Infection in an Immunocompetent Host: Consideration for New Screening Guidelines

Serious thrombotic complications associated with an acute cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients are becoming increasingly recognized. While typically asymptomatic and self-limiting, an acute CMV infection appears to demonstrate a rare propensity for a vascular thrombosis, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT), thrombophlebitis, and pulmonary embolism (PE). It remains unclear whether other predisposing factors play a role in its pathogenesis. We report the case of a young, immunocompetent male with extensive lower extremity DVT who was coincidentally found to be CMV-immunoglobulin M (IgM) seropositive. In light of the increasing prevalence of CMV-associated thrombotic events, we reviewed the current literature on its incidence, pathophysiology, clinical features, and thrombophilia screening to consider the possibility of CMV seropositivity as an independent risk factor for vascular events. This may have repercussions for screening guidelines and preventive strategies in those with active CMV infection.