Ergonomics during the Use of LESS Instruments in Basic Tasks: 2 Articulated vs. 1 Straight and 1 Articulated Graspers

Laparoendoscopic single site surgery (LESS) is now consolidated as a real alternative to conventional laparoscopy. The introduction of advanced instruments (articulated forceps) and technical modifications will eliminate/reduce the need to use several trocars to triangulate inside the cavity. In this study, we compare surgeons’ muscle activity during the use of two common configurations of surgical instruments (C1: two articulated instruments, and C2: one straight instrument on the right hand and one articulated instrument on the left hand) in LESS surgery, during the performance of two basic tasks, cutting and coordination, on physical simulator. As conclusion, the coordination exercise and the use of the C1 configuration generated lower muscle activity, representing the less physically demanding scenarios for the surgeon.