Energy Efficient Solutions in Wireless Sensor Systems for Water Quality Monitoring: A Review

This paper presents energy-efficient solutions for wireless sensor systems intended for the monitoring of water quality at water stations. Energy problems, such as energy scarcity and energy consumption in wireless sensor networks, are critical issues that raise concerns when it comes to defining the lifetime of a network. This can be attributed to the finite energy budget of water quality sensor nodes and also the lack of energy-efficient schemes. To address these energy problems, a detailed study has been carried out in this paper on some of the major approaches developed to address energy issues in wireless sensor systems, and dedicated to the monitoring of water quality applications in a way that contextualizes the considered solution methods. Furthermore, the solution methods are classified, while their strengths and weaknesses are also identified. Also, several suggestions are made on solution methods toward further improvement. Therefore, this paper suggests a reasonable direction for future studies on developing energy-efficient solutions in wireless sensor systems for monitoring water quality applications.