The Nature and Effects of Sorption Processes in Subsurface Systems

Sorption processes can significantly affect the fate and transport of contaminants in subsurface systems. Prediction of these effects relies on an understanding of sorption equilibria and rates, and on their accurate characterization and representation. This paper reviews the current level of understanding of the processes, and of the forms and utility of different models used to describe them and their effects. Emphasis is placed on concept development, and on the application of these concepts in understanding and explaining contaminant behavior in subsurface systems. Examples are provided to illustrate the impact of sorption equilibria and rates on contaminant transport.