Review of modern non-surgical tools applied in cardiac surgery

Surgical intervenƟon is commonly associated with the use of hardware that facilitates invasive medical treatment. No‐ wadays surgeons apply a new set of tools that help them anƟcipate the outcome of the intervenƟon and define poten‐ Ɵal risk factors. Increasing paƟent migraƟon inspired healthcare professionals to introduce universal standards of care, supported by medical guidelines and checklists. Today, prior to skin incision, every modern cardiac surgeon is enabled in the whole range of tools that are designed to increase paƟent safety and provide thorough informaƟon to the whole medical team.