Nonlinear model of flaw detection in steel pipes by magnetic flux leakage

Abstract A numerical model of crack detection by magnetic flux leakage that takes into account the saturation of the induction flux density with the applied field is developed. The model contains no free parameters and is validated with detailed measurements of materials properties and magnetic fields reported by Forster. It is then used to discuss the dependence of signals on the tube wall thickness, crack depth and width, and the strength of the applied field. An estimate of the noise level is used to analyse the signal-to-noise ratio and calculate the optimal applied field for crack detection. Difficulties arising in internal crack detection of shallow cracks in thick-walled pipes are also discussed.