A New Strategy for Deploying a Wireless Sensor Network Based on a Square-Octagon Pattern to Optimizes the Covered Area

In recent years, sensor networks have grown exponentially and they are used in many fields of applications such as the monitoring of environment parameters, intelligent agriculture, surveillance of area, smart city, monitoring biological parameters of patients, etc. A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a set of sensors deployed over a geographical area so that each node can collect data from the environment, do local processing and transmit them to a sink node or base station using multipath routing. An optimal deployment of sensors in the area of interest is required for the network to be efficient. So a good deployment can ensure a good coverage of the area, a better network connectivity and also an energy saving. In the literature several methods for deploying sensors are proposed. In this paper, we work on strategies based on the grid. We propose to divide the area into a square-octagonal pattern. The pattern consists of a square polygon and two octagon polygons. Based on our method, we evaluate the number of sensors used for the deployment of the sensors network, the percentage of coverage obtained, and then we make comparisons with other proposals in the literature. The obtained results showed that our proposal enable to ensure \(91.03 \%\) of the coverage area compared to other strategies of sensors deployment.