In Vivo-Assay for Warfarin-Resistance by Coexpression of VKORC1 and Vitamin K-Dependent Coagulation Factors

Vitamin K serves as a cofactor for the post-translational modification by γ-carboxylation of several proteins with Gla-domains. Vitamin K-dependent proteins include the coagulation factors II, VII, IX, and X and proteins S, C and Z, illustrating the therapeutic importance of vitamin K metabolism. Inhibitors of the Coumarin-type like Warfarin or Marcumar reduce coagulation activity by interfering with the vitamin K 2, 3-epoxide reductase enzyme complex (VKOR). They are the most used oral anticoagulants for antithrombotic prophylaxis.