Functional Parameters Derived from Magnetic Resonance Imaging Reflect Vascular Morphology in Preclinical Tumors and in Human Liver Metastases

Purpose: Tumor vessels influence the growth and response of tumors to therapy. Imaging vascular changes in vivo using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) has shown potential to guide clinical decision making for treatment. However, quantitative MR imaging biomarkers of vascular function have not been widely adopted, partly because their relationship to structural changes in vessels remains unclear. We aimed to elucidate the relationships between vessel function and morphology in vivo. Experimental Design: Untreated preclinical tumors with different levels of vascularization were imaged sequentially using DCE-MRI and computed tomography (CT). Relationships between functional parameters from MR ( i AUC, K trans , and BAT frac ) and structural parameters from CT (vessel volume, radius, and tortuosity) were assessed using linear models. Tumors treated with anti-VEGFR2 antibody were then imaged to determine whether anti-angiogenic therapy altered these relationships. Finally, functional-structural relationships were measured in ten patients with liver metastases from colorectal cancer. Results: Functional parameters i AUC and K trans primarily reflected vessel volume in untreated preclinical tumors. The relationships varied spatially and with tumor vascularity, and were altered by anti-angiogenic treatment. In human liver metastases, all three structural parameters were linearly correlated with i AUC and K trans . For i AUC, structural parameters also modified each other9s effect. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that MR imaging biomarkers of vascular function are linked to structural changes in tumor vessels, and that anti-angiogenic therapy can affect this link. Our work also demonstrates the feasibility of 3D functional-structural validation of MR biomarkers in vivo to improve their biological interpretation and clinical utility.