Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia and Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms

The lower urinary tract refers to the urogenital organs anatomically located in the pelvis and perineum that have direct bearing on the content, storage, and flow of urine beyond the ureterovesical junction and from the urinary bladder through the external urethral meatus. These structures include the urinary bladder, bladder neck and internal and external sphincters, and the urethra in both males and females. There are multiple adjacent organs differing in males and females which are significantly important parts of the lower urinary tract both structurally and functionally. Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) can arise from a variety of problems related to the structural or functional anomalies of the lower urinary tract. The Benign prostatic hypertropy (BPH), overactive bladder, prostatic cancer, infections, urethral stricture and cancers involving other organs including bladder, and urethra. This chapter outlines a systematic approach to diagnosing and managing LUTS