Diarrhea among African children born to human immunodeficiency virus 1-infected mothers: clinical, microbiologic and epidemiologic features.

Diarrhea and weight loss are common features of pediatric and adult human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection particularly in developing countries. The authors studied prospectively episodes of diarrhea in 559 children ages 10 to 15 months participating in a longitudinal study of perinatal HIV-1 infection in Kinshasa Zaire. Children with HIV-1 infection had more frequent episodes of diarrhea and were more likely to present with fever or moderate or severe dehydration and to have persistent or fatal diarrhea. Of 9 HIV-1-positive infants with diarrhea 3 had enteroadherence factor-positive Escherichia coli compared with 5 of 74 HIV-1-negative children with diarrhea (p = 0.04); no other pathogen was associated with HIV-1 infection. In a logistic regression model diarrhea was significantly associated with HIv-1 infection in the child moderate or severe malnutrition and symptoms of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome in the mother. Diarrhea among children with perinatal HIV infection in Zaire is more severe than among uninfected children and is associated with malnutrition and advanced disease in the mother. (authors)