Anatomy and White Matter Connections of the Parahippocampal Gyrus

ABSTRACT Introduction The parahippocampal gyrus is understood to have a role in high cognitive functions including memory encoding and retrieval and visuospatial processing. A detailed understanding of the exact location and nature of associated white tracts could significantly improve post-operative morbidity related to declining capacity. Through DTI-based fiber tracking validated by gross anatomical dissection as ground truth, we have characterized these connections based on relationships to other well-known structures. Methods Diffusion imaging from the Human Connectome Project for 10 healthy adult controls was used for tractography analysis. We evaluated the parahippocampal gyrus as a whole based on connectivity with other regions. All parahippocampal gyrus tracts were mapped in both hemispheres, and a lateralization index was calculated with resultant tract volumes. Results We identified two connections of the parahippocampal gyrus: inferior longitudinal fasciculus, and the cingulum. Lateralization of the cingulum was detected (p Conclusions The parahippocampal gyrus is an important center for memory processing. Subtle differences in executive functioning following surgery for limbic tumors may be better understood in the context of the fiber-bundle anatomy highlighted by this study.