Enhanced electrochemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ by Sm2O3 nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride nano-sheets for pyridoxine analysis

Abstract A sensitive and simple method for the detection of pyridoxine was developed through implementing the electrochemiluminescence (ECL) reaction between pyridoxine and tris (2,2′-bipyridine) ruthenium (II) (Ru(bpy) 3 2+ ). The ECL emission is produced by a sensitive reaction between Ru(bpy) 3 2+ and pyridoxine on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with Sm 2 O 3 nanoparticles decorated graphitic carbon nitride nano-sheets. Presence of graphitic carbon nitride nano-sheets and Sm 2 O 3 NPs in the glassy carbon enhances the electrochemiluminescence emission. After applying the optimal conditions, a linear relation between the ECL intensity and the concentration of pyridoxine was obtained in the range of 1.0 × 10 −10  mol L −1 to 1.0 × 10 −5  mol L −1 (R 2  = 0.9939) with a detection limit of 4.40 × 10 −11  mol L −1 (S/N = 3) and relative standard deviation of 3.6%. The sensitivity of the presented ECL system was much better than those of previously reported methods. This selective and simple method was also successfully applied to the determination of pyridoxine in pharmaceutical formulations.