EFICIÊNCIA FOTOQUÍMICA EM CLADÓDIOS DE PALMA FORRAGEIRA ‘GIGANTE’ CULTIVADA SOB DIFERENTES ESPAÇAMENTOS E ADUBAÇÃO MINERAL

2021 
A associacao de fatores no sistema solo-agua-planta-atmosfera, como adubacao, espacamento entre plantas e disponibilidade hidrica, pode influenciar a atividade fisiologica em palma forrageira nas condicoes adversas do semiarido. Assim, objetivou-se determinar a eficiencia fotoquimica em cladodios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ cultivada sob diferentes espacamentos e adubacao mineral em regiao semiarida, no periodo seco e chuvoso. O experimento foi conduzido em blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial 4 x 3 x 7, com tres repeticoes. O primeiro fator foi constituido de quatro adubacoes (000-000-000; 000-150-000; 200-150-000 e 200-150-100 kg ha-1 de N-P2O5-K2O), o segundo, por tres espacamentos (1,0 x 0,5; 2,0 x 0,25 e 3,0 x 1,0 x 0,25 m) e o terceiro por sete horarios de leitura (6; 8; 10; 12; 14; 16 e 18 h). Foram realizadas leituras de fluorescencia da clorofila “a” em cladodios de palma forrageira nas epocas seca e chuvosa com auxilio de um fluorometro de luz modulada. Verificou-se ajustes cubicos para as variaveis de fluorescencia da clorofila “a” ao longo dia com magnitude de respostas diferenciadas nos periodos seco e chuvoso. Os cladodios de palma forrageira ‘Gigante’ sofrem alteracoes no fotossistema II na epoca seca nas condicoes fisiograficas do semiarido baiano e na epoca de chuvas o rendimento fotossintetico em cladodios de palma forrageira e considerado ideal com variacoes ao longo do dia. Palavras-chave: arranjo de plantas; Opuntia; plantas CAM.   Photochemical efficiency in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacing and mineral fertilization   ABSTRACT: The association of factors in the soil-water-plant-atmosphere system, such as fertilization, spacing between plants and water availability, can influence the physiological activity in cactus pear in the adverse conditions of the semiarid. Thus, the objective was to determine the photochemical efficiency in cladodes of ‘Gigante’ cactus pear cultivated under different spacing and mineral fertilization in the semi-arid region, in the dry and rainy season. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design in a 4 x 3 x 7 factorial scheme with three replicates. The first factor consisted of four fertilizations (000-000-000, 000-150-000, 200-150-000 and 200-150-100 kg ha-1 of N-P2O5-K2O), the second one, by three fertilizations (1.0 x 0.5, 2.0 x 0.25 and 3.0 x 1.0 x 0.25 m) and the third by seven reading times (6 a.m., 8 a.m., 10 a.m., 12 p.m., 2 p.m., 4 p.m. and 6 p.m). Fluorite readings of “a” chlorophyll were carried out in forage palm cladodes in the dry and rainy seasons with the help of a light modulated fluorometer. Cubic adjustments wereobserved for the fluorescence variables of “a” chlorophyll along day with magnitude of differentiated responses in dry and rainy periods. The cladodes of ‘Giant’ cactus pear alterations suffer in photosystem II in the dry season in the physiographic conditions of the Bahia semi-arid and in the rainy season the photosynthetic yield in cladodes of forage palm is considered ideal with variations along the day. Keywords: arrangement of plants; Opuntia; CAM plants.
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