A simple yet counterintuitive optical feedback controller for spectrally tunable lighting systems

We explore methods that efficiently replicate arbitrary spectra with both high precision and accuracy using multichannel light-emitting diode (LED) lighting systems. It is well known that LED-based light sources deteriorate over time and change their spectral output with varying operating junction temperatures. A simple open-loop approach to the spectral matching problem would bring about unbearable spectral and color inaccuracies. In the literature, different solutions have been studied that make use of integrated spectrometers as closed-loop feedback elements that warrant spectral awareness and self-correction. However, the prohibitive cost of small spectrometers (that generally involve CMOS-based gratings) constitutes a high barrier that prevents their integration into final lighting products. We demonstrate how a cost-effective colorimeter can be used not only to preserve the color point of the target spectrum but also to keep the spectral matching error extremely low (relative spectral error u   ′   v   ′