Profile of Metabolic Syndrome at CNHU HKM Cotonou

The metabolic syndrome combines morphological, physiological and biochemical abnormalities that evolve over time, predisposing the affected person to atherosclerosis and its complications. The purpose of our work was to determine the clinical and biological profile of metabolic syndrome in patients received for medical examination according to WHO criteria. This was a retrospective study over a 1-year period: from January 1st, 2018 to December 31st, 2018. The information collected was clinical (sociodemographic characteristics, anthropometric data, initial blood pressure, cardiovascular history) and biological data (fasting blood glucose level, lipid test). Two thousand six hundred and two patients visited during the study period, including 291 patients (11.18%) for a reason that may evoke the metabolic syndrome but 115 files were retained for this study. The age of the patients was 58.39 ± 10.02 years with extremes ranging from 32 to 81 years old. Metabolic syndrome was found in 77 patients, or 66.9% of patients who had consulted for a reason that might suggest this diagnosis. 44.3% had 3 criteria for definition; 19.1% had 4 criteria and 3.5% had 5 criteria. All patients have benefited a mono, bi or antihypertensive therapy associated with antidiabetic or hypolipemic treatment. Metabolic syndrome better predicts cardiovascular risk than analysis of individual risk factors. Its prevention involves diet which must be hyposodium, hypolipidic, without fast sugar and daily physical activities.