Calibration of a High-Resolution Dynamic Model for Detailed Investigation of the Energy Flexibility of a Zero Emission Residential Building

A detailed multi-zone building model of an existing zero emission residential building (ZEB) has been created using the software IDA Indoor Climate and Energy (IDA ICE). The model will later be used for investigating control strategies for the heating system to activate the building energy flexibility. The main purpose of this paper is to show how reliable the model reproduces the short-term thermal dynamics and the temperature zoning of the building. This is of particular interest for the control of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems in order to provide meaningful insights of active demand response (ADR) measures. The model has been validated using data sets from seven experiments. Two dimensionless indicators, the normalized mean bias error (NMBE) and the coefficient of variation of the root mean square error (CVRMSE) were applied in order to evaluate the trend of the average indoor temperatures. The first approach considered standard operating conditions, where the measured indoor air temperature was used as input for the control of the electrical radiator and the total electricity use of the radiator as an output. Excitation sequences have been used in the second approach, where the electric power of the radiator has been imposed and the operative temperature taken as the output. The model shows good agreement between the temperature profiles from the measurements and the simulations based on the NMBE and CVRMSE remaining below 5% for most cases.