Evaluation of osteoporosis in diabetic individuals using digital intra oral periapical radiographs

Introduction: Osteoporosis is a major cause of fractures in middle aged individuals. There has been drastic increase in the number of osteoporotic patients over the past two decades. The relationship of osteoporosis and diabetes continues to be a topic of debate among research workers. Detection of osteoporosis is very important for oral diagnostics as it can bring changes in treatment plan and modifications in oral procedures. Current literature is directed at diagnosing this condition on dental radiographs. Objectives: The present study was aimed at detecting osteoporosis using digital dental radiographs of premolar and molar region using Adobe Photoshop CS2 software. Materials and methods: A total of 40 patients visiting the dental department who were already diagnosed with type II diabetes for minimum of 1 year Arch Oral Res. 2011 May/Aug.;7(2)169-75 Mutalik S, Goyal M, Sanghamesh B, Guttal SK, Naikmasur VG, Mutalik VS. 170 obesity, hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products. Albright and Reifenstein were first to report low mineral density and risk of fracture in diabetic subjects in 1948 (3). The relationship between diabetes and osteoporosis continues to be debated among the research workers. A recent meta-analysis showed that diabetic patients had higher hip bone mineral density (BMD) than non-Diabetic controls suggesting that BMD values may not reflect bone fragility in diabetic patients (4). Bone density is determined by several modalities ranging from quantitative computed tomography (qCT) to dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) or peripheral ultrasound measurement. Each modality has been shown to be independently predictive of fracture risk, yet each has its own limitations (5). Introduction Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduced bone mineral density and micro architectural deterioration of bone tissue, with a consequent increase in bone fragility and susceptibility to fracture. It is one of the most common...(AU) Introducao: A osteoporose e uma das principais causas de fraturas em individuos de meia idade. Houve aumentodrastico no numero de pacientes com osteoporose nas duas ultimas decadas. A relacao entre osteoporosee diabetes continua a ser um tema de debate entre os pesquisadores. A deteccao da osteoporose e muitoimportante no diagnosticador bucal, uma vez que ela pode refletir em mudancas no plano de tratamento emodificacoes nos procedimentos bucais. O diagnostico dessta condicao por meio de radiografias dentais temsido discutido na literatura atual. Objetivos: O presente estudo teve como objetivo detectar a osteoporose utilizandoradiografias digitais dentais da regiao de pre-molar e molar utilizando o software Adobe PhotoshopCS2. Materiais e metodos: Um total de 40 pacientes que visitaram o departamento de odontologia e ja previamentediagnosticados com diabetes tipo II no periodo minimo de um ano foram selecionados aleatoriamentepara o estudo. Radiografias digitais intra-orais periapicais orais da regiao inferior de pre-molar e molar foramobtidos pela tecnica de paralelismo. As imagens foram entao convertidas em formato de arquivo bitmap eavaliadas usando o software Adobe Photoshop CS2. O numero de trabeculas em uma area especifica foi contadoe comparado com individuos saudaveis de mesma idade e sexo e controle glicemico normal. Resultados:A media do numero de trabeculas/mm2 em individuos normais foi 0,1987 ± 0,0244, e de 0,1737 ± 0,0279 parao grupo diabetico, sendo a diferenca estatisticamente significativa (p