Coronavirus disease 2019 and gender-related mortality in European countries: A meta-analysis

Abstract Objective To examine mortality rates related to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) by gender among European countries. Methods PubMed, preprint medRxiv and bioRxiv repositories, and Google were searched for the terms COVID-19, mortality rates, gender, and Europe. Only Google provided a website with appropriate information. COVID-19 cases and deaths from European countries were extracted by gender from the Global Health 50/50 repository up to May 23, 2020. Extracted data included country, the total number of COVID-19 cases and the number of related deaths by gender. Random effects models with the inverse variance method were used for meta-analyses. Results are reported as death risk ratios (RRs). Results We identified information from 23 European countries that reported separately by gender mortality rates related to COVID-19. The sample comprised 484,919 men and 605,229 women positive for COVID-19. The mortality rate was significantly higher in men than in women (risk ratio = 1.60, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.53, 1.68). The trend was similar when countries reporting Conclusion In Europe, the new zoonotic coronavirus causes significantly more deaths in men than in women.