High rate of Candida deep-seated infection in patients under chronic hemodialysis with extended central venous catheter use.

Abstract Background Hemodialysis has been described as an important risk factor for the development of candidemia in patients suffering from chronic renal failure . Aims The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of candidemia in outpatients with renal replacement therapy (RRT) by hemodialysis where the fungemia clearly represents a healthcare-associated infection. Methods We retrospectively collected clinical and laboratory data from patients undergoing at least 3 months of RRT by hemodialysis who developed candidemia within 48 h of hospital admission. Results We identified 14 patients with candidemia with central venous catheters (CVC) in place for 11–277 days before developing fungemia. Deep-seated infection was documented in 6 out of 14 candidiasis cases (43%), including 5 cases of endocarditis (36%). Conclusions CVC in patients under RRT should be promptly replaced by fistulas and grafts to avoid bloodstream infections. Facing a case of candidemia, adequate source control and prompt initiation of antifungal therapy are mandatory to avoid morbidity and mortality.