Ecological conditions in the Orbetello Lagoon and suggested actions for its restoration

ABSTRACT In the Orbetello lagoon (Grosseto, Italy), the environmental impact of different anthropic activities (urban, agricultural, industrial etc.) has produced an increase in nutrient loading. It has caused instability of the ecosystem and consequently, in the last few years, recurring anoxic crises which have produced environmental damage, loss of fish and, indirectly, a decrease in tourism in the area Environmental multidisciplinary research has been carried out by ENEA with the aim of optimizing the restoration project of the lagoon and managing the transitory phase until the completion of this project. The studies have been aimed at understanding and quantifying the processes controlling the ecosystem life. To reach these goals, meteoclimatic conditions, hydrology, geochemical cycle of nutrients, biogeochemical processes, distribution and abundance of zoobenthos and macrophytes were studied. The results obtained allowed us to: establish the mechanism that triggers anoxic crises; test a monitoring system for evaluating some parameters able to emphasize risks for the environment; avoid anoxic crises by suggesting practical actions to the Local Administration.