Sensor Nodes Localization for 3D Wireless Sensor Networks Using Gauss–Newton Method

Node localization is an essential difficulty in area of 3D Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). In the literature, there are different types of localization algorithms proposed for 3D WSN. But all the existing methods suffer from poor localization accuracy. This is due to the fact that all the existing methods use a less precise linear method called the least square method, for computing coordinates of nodes. This paper presents an improved localization which replaces the linear method with the highly accurate Gauss–Newton method to improve the estimation of 3D coordinates of the nodes and thus improve the localization accuracy. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated by considering the effect of various parameters, and it is finally proved that the proposed algorithm is more effective than the existing algorithms through simulation results.