Anti-interleukin 17A therapy inhibits tumour necrosis factor-mediated bone loss by modulation of T cell balance

Immune activation is the major driver of local and systemic bone loss. Pro-inflammatory cytokines, in particular tumour necrosis factor (TNF), link immune activation with bone loss. Recently, T cells have been implicated as regulators of bone turnover. Th1 and Th2 associated lymphokines such as interleukin 12 (IL12), interferon γ and IL4 …