Device and method for testing mechanical resistance of trains

The invention relates to a device and a method for testing the mechanical resistance of trains. The device comprises a test train, a rolling test stand installed in a laboratory, a data acquisition device, a test stand testing system and a line power supply device. The method comprises the following steps: adding the test train and enabling the test train to drive the rolling test stand to run simultaneously through friction transmission; simultaneously testing input electrical power and output mechanical power of the test train at different speed levels to obtain total loss power including loss power of the train and wheel-rail loss power; and converting the total loss power into total equivalent resistance through calculation, wherein the difference between the total equivalent resistance and the wheel-rail resistance is the mechanical resistance of the train. The test device and the test method of the invention are based on laboratory conditions. A rolling test stand system playing a test assisting role is arranged in the laboratory to measure loss power at different speed levels to obtain equivalent resistances in no-load and on-load states and the total equivalent resistance, and further calculation is carried out to obtain the wheel-rail resistance and the mechanical resistance of the train. The measuring method and the measuring device are simple, easy in operation and accurate in measurement.