The strong electrocaloric effect in molecular ferroelectric ImClO4 with ultrahigh electrocaloric strength

Electrocaloric effect (ECE) provides a new approach to realize environment friendly cooling with high efficiency. Although giant ECE has been achieved in ferroelectrics, the relatively low EC strength forces the conventional EC materials to be operated with very high electric fields, raising insurmountable obstacles for pushing ECE to become practical. Here, we reveal an extremely high EC strength (3.6 J mm K-1kg-1kV-1 and 0.84 K mm kV-1) in a molecular ferroelectric imidazolium perchlorate (ImClO4), which are ~13 times higher than those of the ferroelectric polymers, and also significantly exceeds those of tipical inorganic displacive type ferroelectrics. The superior EC strength is attributable to the unique polarization mechanism arising from the order-disorder behavior of the molecular ferroelectric ImClO4 that is completely different from the conventional ferroelectrics, which is rationalized by the thermodynamic modeling. As a result, changes of entropy and temperature of 5.4 J kg-1K-1 and 1.26 K can be attained in ImClO4 with a low electric field of 1.5 kV mm-1. This work suggests a new promising family of ferroelectrics for high-performance solid-state EC cooling.