Anatomy, Embryology, Anomalies, and Physiology of the Biliary Tract

Abstract Cholelithiasis represents a significant problem for the health system in both developed and developing societies, affecting 10% to 15% of the adult population, corresponding to 20 to 25 million Americans who have or will have cholelithiasis. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is the most common surgery performed in the United States, with a considerably low complication rate. Knowledge of the anatomy, embryology, and anomalies of the biliary tract is crucial and will have a positive impact in the decision-making progress of the biliary surgeon. The anatomy and embryology of the biliary tract are intimately associated with both the liver and the pancreas. Thus, for a complete picture of the anatomy, embryology, and physiology of the biliary tract, the reader is referred to corresponding chapters in the sections on the liver and pancreas.