Comparative study of intracisternal kaolin injection techniques to induce congenital hydrocephalus in fetal lamb

Purpose Kaolin (aluminum silicate) has been used to generate hydrocephalus by direct cisterna magna injection in animal models. The aim of the present study is to compare which method of Kaolin injection into fetal cisterna magna is feasible, safer, and more effective to induce hydrocephalus in fetal lambs.