PRIVATNI POLISING I RISK MENADŽMENT U SRBIJI
2017
Inspiracija za rad i problem(i) koji se radom oslovljava(ju): Privatizacija bezbednosti u Srbiji pocela je `90-tih godina, kada su registrovane prve privatne firme za vrsenje poslova obezbeđenja. Pored obezbeđivanja imovine i lica u normalnim uslovima, privatna bezbednost ima važnu ulogu i zadatke u prevenciji rizika, u vanrednim situacijama i katastrofama. Službenici obezbeđenja oduvek su bili prvi na udaru kada su ovakve situacije u pitanju. Svoj osnovni zadatak, zastitu imovine i lica (u novije vreme i poslovanja), privatni sektor bezbednosti ne bi mogao da ispunjava bez saradnje sa ostalim, javnim akterima u ovom poslu-Sektorom za vanredne situacije MUP-a, vojskom, ostalim državnim i akterima iz civilnog drustva (Crveni krst, gorska služba spasavanja) i dr. U radu autori daju jednu kriticku sliku privatne bezbednosti u Srbiji danas i projektuju njenu znacajniju ulogu u složenim procesima vezanim za rizike zastite imovine, lica i poslovanja. Ciljevi rada (naucni i/ili drustveni): Naucni cilj rada sadržan je u nameri da se u vokabular bezbednosnih nauka u Srbiji uvede pojam “policing” koji smatramo prikladni- jim za oznacavanje svih onih aktivnosti raznih drustvenih aktera u sferi bezbednosti, koji ucestvuju u borbi protiv kriminala i drugih socijalnih devijacija. Skretanje pažnje naucne i strucne javnosti na važnu ulogu privatne bezbednosti u sprecavanju rizika i upravljanju rizicima, bio je takođe cilj ovoga rada. Metodologija/dizajn: Stavovi izneti u ovom radu uglavnom su proizasli iz saznanja do kojih su autori dosli koristeci metod sekundarne analize podataka. Ogranicenja rada/istraživanja: Dva su osnovna ogranicenja sa kojim su se autori suocili radeci na ovom tekstu; (1) nedovoljan fond istraživackih podataka o praksi prevencije i upravljanja rizicima u kompanijama i drugim sistemima- narocito nacionalnim kritickim infrastrukturama, i; (2) nedovrsen sistem licenciranja firmi i zaposlenih u sektoru privatne bezbednosti zbog cinjenice da taj proces jos uvek traje. R e z ultati/generalni zakljucak: Risk menadžment u Srbiji naglo se, kao forma znanja i vestina, razvio od 2000-tih do danas, paralelno sa profesionalizacijom ili barem naporima za profesionalizaciju privatnog sektora bezbednosti. Praksa primene tih znanja i tih profesionalnih usluga privatnog sektor bezbednosti međutim, nije na zavidnom nivou. Uzrok tome možemo naci u relativno niskom nivou bezbednosne kulture upravljackog sloja među zaposlenima (narocito u onim kompanijama koje nisu privatne), mada se može reci da je jos uvek prisutan i duh voluntarizma, tako poznat iz prethodnih vremena i sistema upravljanja. Opravdanost istraživanja/ rada: Velike vrednosti, i materijalne i ljudske, izložene su ozbiljnim i uvek novim rizicima koje savremeno drustvo i savremeni nacin života proizvodi. Naucna istraživanja upravljanja rizicima i uloge privatnog sektora bezbednosti koji broji isti broj pripadnika kao i javna bezbednost, na najbolji nacin mogu da otkriju probleme, ponude naucna resenja i funkcionalizuju ih u praksi sprecavanja i upravljanja rizicima. -------------------------------------------------------- Policing and risk management in Serbia R eason for writing and research problem(s): Privatization of security started in Serbia in 1990s when first private security companies were established. Besides taking care of people and property in regular circumstances they have to perform security task also during emergencies and disasters. Private security guards have always been on the first line when we speak about these kind of situatiuon. Their first task- protection of property, people and business, they oftenly fulfill together with Sector for emergency management, police, military and other state actors and actors from civil society sector (Red Cross, Mountain Rescue Service etc.). In this article, the authors made an critical oversight of private security in Serbia today and they tryed to explain its important role in complex processes of managing risks in protecting property, people and business. aims of the paper (scientific and/or social): Scientific aim of the article is to introduce notion “policing” to Serbian security vocabulary since it is more propriate to cover all activities of the various social subjects directed to prevent crime and other social de- viations. The aim was also to pay attention of the researchers and experts to important role of the private security in prevention and risk management. Methodology/ Design: Attitudes presented in this article are mostly emerged from the content analysis that we used. R esearch/ paper limitations: There are two main limitation in preparing this article; (1) inadequat research data base on risk management praxis in Serbian corporations and other szstems and; (2) incomplete licensing system for companies and employees, since that process is still in progress. R esults/ Findings: As a system of knowledge and skills, paralelly with growth of professionalization of private security, risk management has been well developed since 2000. But, the praxis of these two is not enough developed. General Conclusion: Reasons for low level of praxis development we can find in relatively low level of “security culture” especially among ruling layer in corporation (especially those which are not private), although the voluntarism is also present in way of managing business in Serbia nowdays. On the other side, although the private security is present in so meny companies, it is not enough involved in preventing and solving/ managing risks. R esearch/ Paper Validity: Great values, both material and human, are exposed to serious and always new risks that contemporary society and modern lifestyles produce. Scientific research on risk management and the role of a private security sector that counts the same number of members as the police, can best detect problems, bids scientific solutions and functionalize them in the practice of prevention and risk ma- nagement.
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