Electroconductive nanofibrous membranes with nanosheet-based microsphere-threaded heterostructures enabling oily wastewater remediation

Water pollution caused by oil has placed a significant burden on the ecosystem and human health. However, the present membranes suffer from a serious oil fouling issue during long-term oily wastewater remediation, which has limited their practical applications. Herein, inspired by the taro leaf, we develop a biomimetic nanofibrous membrane composed of BiOBr microspheres anchored on electroconductive SiO2/polyaniline (PANI) core–shell nanofibers. Due to the surface multiscale structures and hydrophilic matrix, the biomimetic membrane shows intriguing superhydrophilicity, underwater superoleophobicity, and low-oil-adhesion. Benefitting from the high porosity and sub-micrometer pores, the membrane exhibited superior capability for separating highly emulsified oil-in-water emulsions with a promising permeation flux of 6140 L m−2 h−1 and a high separation efficiency (total organic carbon content 98%. The synthesis of such biomimetic nanomaterials may open up new avenues for developing high-performance separation materials for the purification of large volumes of wastewater.