Channel estimation method and system based on time domain training sequence, and antenna

The invention provides a channel estimation method based on a time domain training sequence. The channel estimation method is applied to an MIMO (multiple input multiple output) system with F transmitting antennas and S receiving antennas and includes the following steps: S1, sending a to-be-sent signal frame by each transmitting antenna; S2, acquiring a receiving signal frame by each receiving antenna, acquiring non-interference vector according to a receiving time domain training sequence of continuous receiving signal frames in preset number, and building a measuring matrix; S3, building an observing matrix according to a to-be-sent time domain training sequence; S4, according to the measuring matrix and the observing matrix, combining space and time relevance of a sparse MIMO channel with a structured compression sensing algorithm to acquire estimation information of impulse response of F channels corresponding to the transmitting antennas in a one-to-one manner. The channel estimation method has the advantages of low cost, high frequency spectrum efficiency and high estimation accuracy. The invention further provides a channel estimation system based on the time domain training sequence and an antenna.