A Diet-Dependent Microbiota Profile Associated with Incident Type 2 Diabetes: From the CORDIOPREV Study.

SCOPE We explored the differences between the baseline gut microbiota of patients who developed type 2 diabetes (T2D) consuming a low-fat (LF) or a Mediterranean (Med) diet and developed risk scores to predict the individual risk of developing T2D associated with the consumption of LF or Med diet. METHODS AND RESULTS All the patients from the CORDIOPREV study without T2D at baseline (n = 462) whose fecal samples were available. Gut microbiota was analyzed by 16S sequencing and the risk of T2D after a median follow-up of 60 months assessed by Cox analysis. LEfSe analysis showed a different baseline gut microbiota in patients who developed T2D consuming LF and Med diets. A higher abundance of Paraprevotella, and lower Gammaproteobacteria and B. uniformis was associated with T2D risk (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 3.66 RSF-LF score, 3.15 Lasso-LF score; 95%CI) when an LF diet was consumed. In contrast, higher abundances of Saccharibacteria, Betaproteobacteria, and Prevotella were associated with T2D risk (HR = 4.00 RSF-Med score, 3.45 Lasso-Med score; 95%CI) when a Med diet was consumed. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that different interactions between the microbiome and dietary patterns may partially determine the risk of T2D development, which may be used for selecting personalized dietary models to prevent T2D. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.