Hot‐ion Bernstein wave with finite k∥

The complex roots of the hot plasma dispersion relation in the ion cyclotron range of frequencies have been surveyed. Consistent with current understanding, the cold plasma fast wave appears at low values of perpendicular wave number k⊥, followed by the well‐known Bernstein wave at higher k⊥. At still higher k⊥ there can be two previously unappreciated hot plasma waves with relatively little sensitivity to frequency, in contrast to the Bernstein wave which is characterized by large changes in k⊥ for small changes in frequency or magnetic field. The latter waves exist only for relatively large k∥, the wave number parallel to the magnetic field. Both waves are strongly absorbed if the electron temperature is near the ion temperature, but not in a hot‐ion, cold‐electron, plasma.