Winter spraying of fruit trees.

Winter fruit spraying is an obligatory measure in a large number of fruit-growing areas in Serbia. Spraying fruit trees and vine in the winter helps control a great number of causal agents of diseases and pests. The causal organisms of diseases controlled by winter spraying treatments include Taphrina deformans, T. pruni, Botrytinia fuckeliana and others, including mosses and lichens. Among pests, winter sprayings control many species of the families Coccidae, Lecanidae, Aphididae and Torticidae as well as the species Eriosoma lanigerum, Anthonomus pomurum, Hiponomeuta malinellus, H. padellus, Anarsia lineatell, Cacopsilla spp., Lymantria dispar, Malacosoma neustria and others. Winter spraying is carried out at the time of vegetative rest. For best results, the spraying should be performed in late February/early March. In our country, the winter treatments are performed using the following preparations: Galmin, Belo ulje, Oleodiazinon, Oleoultravet, Oleometion, Dast oil, Galpar and Stopar oil.