Conditional prediction of transport in unsaturated, heterogeneous porous media: Monte Carlo simulation versus Eulerian-Lagrangian theory

A system for joining at least two beams of charged particles that includes directing a first beam along a first axis into a field. A second beam is directed along a second axis into the field. The first and second beams are turned, by interaction between the field and the first and second beams, into a third beam directed along a third axis.