Objektivní poznání v kontextu naturalizace filosofie

In the paper, we analyze several key philosophical approaches to objective knowledge (Descartes, Kant), which we described as “speculative”, that is theoretical and independent of experience. Our interpretation is based on the argument that the demarcation between speculative philosophy and empirical science (which is at the same time the boundary of objective knowledge) has been gradually reduced and that philosophy has been naturalized. We claim that Popper’s transcendental thesis was extended by Quine and his appeal to the naturalization of philosophy, and Bloor accepted naturalism as one of the premises for his sociology of scientific knowledge. The culmination of this tendency is in empirical and experimental philosophy. In conclusion, we will introduce experimental philosophy, which has developed significantly in recent years, as one of the ways how to approach the question of “objective knowledge” by combining speculative approaches and empirically acquired data.