Preconditioning by Oxygen-Glucose Deprivation Preserves Cell Proliferation and Reduces Cytotoxicity in Primary Astrocyte Cultures
2015
Hypoxic-ischemic preconditioning (HIPC) has a neuroprotective effect against a
subsequent, more severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic episode. The protective processes of
preconditioning (PC) in the immature brain remain undefined but are most likely related to the
immune cells of the central nervous system. To determine the role of astrocytes in HIPC, we
initially exposed primary rat astrocytes to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 30 minutes as
a PC stimulus. A subsequent more severe insult was induced 24 hours later by exposing the
astrocytes to OGD for 3 hours. These experiments revealed that OGD for 3 hours induced
increased cytotoxicity as measured by lactate dehydrogenase in primary astrocytes, which was
diminished in astrocytes earlier subjected to PC. Moreover, decreased cell proliferation, as
measured by Ki67, and lower cytokine expression (IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10) were observed in
astrocytes subjected to OGD for 3 hours, while these levels remained unchanged in PC+OGD
cells. Therefore, we speculate that PC by OGD may affect the survival, proliferation and function of primary cultured
astrocytes which may partly explain the neuroprotective properties of HIPC seen in HI rat models.
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