Effects of ethanol stress on epsilon-poly-L-lysine (ε-PL) biosynthesis in Streptomyces albulus X-18

Abstract The aim of the study was to reveal the effects of ethanol stress on the production of epsilon-poly- l -lysine (e-PL) in Streptomyces albulus X-18. The results showed that biomass and the utilization of glucose were respectively increased by ethanol stress. The e-PL yield was increased by 41.42 % in the shake flask and 37.02 % in 10 L fermenter with 1% (v/v) ethanol. The morphology of colonies and mycelia showed significant differences. The intracellular reactive oxygen species level was increased by about 100 %. The ratio of unsaturated fatty acids to saturated fatty acids in the cell membrane was increased by ethanol stress. Isobaric Tags for Relative and Absolute Quantitation (iTRAQ) proteomic profile showed that 265 identified proteins were differentially expressed. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were mainly involved in biological processes. The up-regulated DEPs were mainly involved in the redox reaction and stress response. The metabolic flux of l -Asp was shifted to l -Lys biosynthesis, and the DAP pathway was strengthened. Protein-protein interaction analysis showed that 30 DEPs interacted with l -Lys biosynthesis. The changes of ten proteins by Parallel Reaction Monitoring (PRM) were consistent with those by iTRAQ. The study provided valuable clues to better understand the mechanism of e-PL biosynthesis improvement by ethanol stress.