Synchronous primary malignant neoplasms of the cervix and endometrium

: Synchronous multiple malignant neoplasms of the female genital tract are rare, particularly in the uterus. We herein present the case of a patient with synchronous cervical squamous epithelial carcinoma and endometrial adenocarcinoma, and discuss the diagnosis, treatment and prognosis. The patient underwent a cervical biopsy and fractional curettage of the endometrium, followed by abdominal staging surgery, including radical hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, pelvic and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The diagnosis was stage Ib1 cervical cancer and stage Ia endometrial cancer, without lymph node metastases. There has been no recurrence during 1 year of followup. Synchronous genital tract neoplasms are more clinically complex compared with single neoplasms and it is crucial to focus on the differential diagnosis between primary and metastatic tumors during the diagnostic process. The treatment of synchronous genital tract neoplasms also differs significantly from that of single neoplasms, although the prognosis of patients with synchronous gynecological malignancies does not appear to be worse.