Versatile and Cost-efficient Cleanup of Viscous Crude Oil by Elastic Carbon Sorbent from Direct Pyrolysis of Melamine Foam

Rational sorbent technology for crude oil cleanup requires the capability of rapid uptake, and a low cost and simple processing method for large-scale manufacturing. Herein, an elastic carbon sorbent can be fabricated through the direct pyrolysis of melamine foam at 1000 ℃ for 2 h. The carbonized melamine foam (CMF) is lightweight (density: 5.4 mg cm-3; porosity>97.2%), superhydrophobic (water contact angle:151±2o), mechanically robust (complete recovery after 80% strain deformation) and highly efficient in crude oil uptake (148.7 g/g crude oil at 60 ℃). More importantly, the CMF has excellent photo- and Joule-thermal conversion efficiency for significantly reducing the viscosity of heavy crude oil under a mild sunlight exposure or a relatively low voltage. These advantages enable CMFs to provide a fast cleanup approach for accidental oil spills under all weather. Continuous oil recovery has also been demonstrated by using a piece of heated CMF and a vacuum pump. Overall, the CMF offers an ideal material solution for addressing the large-scale crude oil cleanup through its versatile and efficient cleanup approaches.