Histopathological Changes of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation and Relation with the Pre-Treatment Tumor Stage in Rectal Carcinoma

Objective: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy has considered one of the standard treatment modalities for locally advanced rectal cancers. Chemoradiotherapy has a variety of different effects and responses on tumor, tumor bed and peritumoral tissues. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the stromal responses in tumor bed between the different treatment modalities and different clinical T stages. Methods: Fifty-seven consecutive patients with median age of 62.4 years were treated for rectal adenocarcinoma between January 2005 and July 2012 in Uludag University Medical Faculty. Twenty-three of the patients were treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy and following surgery, 34 patients treated with surgery only. Results: When we compared the stromal responses in the tumor bed between the two different treatment modalities, the amount of fibrosis and intensity of inflammatory cell infiltration were found considerably marked. The existence of calcification, hemosiderin-laden macrophages and mucin lakes were found also significant marked. There was no difference found in between the patients with different clinical stages which were received neoadjuvant CRT. Conclusion: The stromal response in the tumor bed increases with the neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy but the excess of the response doesn’t have any relation with the clinical T stage.