A Multi-Tissue Multi-Omics Analysis Reveals Distinct Kinetics in Entrainment of Diurnal Transcriptomes by Inverted Feeding

Time of eating synchronizes circadian rhythms of metabolism and physiology. Inverted feeding reverses peripheral circadian clocks, but privileges the light-responsive central clock located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus. However, system-wide changes of circadian metabolism and physiology entrained to inverted feeding in peripheral tissues remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed a 24-h global profiling of transcripts and metabolites in mouse peripheral tissues to study the transition kinetics during inverted feeding, and revealed distinct kinetics in phase entrainment of diurnal transcriptomes by inverted feeding, which graded from fat tissue (near-completely entrained), liver, kidney, to heart. Phase kinetics of tissue clocks tracked with those of transcriptomes, and was gated by light cue. Integrated analysis of transcripts and metabolites demonstrated that fatty acid oxidation entrained completely to inverted feeding in heart despite the slow kinetics of the heart clock. This multi-omics resource defines circadian signatures of inverted feeding in peripheral tissues (www.CircaMetDB.org.cn).