Óleos Essenciais com Atividade Acaricida para Controle de Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus no Brasil

2020 
No Brasil, a principal especie de carrapato que compromete a produtividade na criacao de bovinos e o ectoparasito hematofago Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, com perdas economicas estimadas em aproximadamente 3,24 bilhoes de dolares anuais. Tais prejuizos originam-se da perda de sangue do animal, da queda da produtividade, transmissao de agentes infecciosos, baixa eficacia de diversos de produtos carrapaticidas disponiveis no mercado devido ao fenomeno de resistencia, entre outros. Este carrapato e vetor dos agentes patogenicos causadores de enfermidades que configura o complexo da tristeza parasitaria bovina (TPB). Geralmente, o controle desse parasito ocorre atraves de acaricidas quimicos convencionais. Todavia, o uso indiscriminado desses produtos tem acelerado no processo de selecao de carrapatos resistentes as bases quimicas disponiveis. Alem disso, existe uma inquietude progressiva relacionada a seguranca do meio ambiente e as saudes humana e animal. Portanto, na busca de novas possibilidades de controle de carrapatos, o emprego de produtos fitoterapicos e biologicos mostra-se como alternativo promissor para o controle. Investigacoes com plantas para identificar novos principios ativos capazes de controlar os carrapatos tem sido o foco de extensa pesquisa. Neste estudo, revisou-se o conhecimento atual disponivel sobre oleos essenciais (OEs) testados no Brasil como acaricidas sobre R. microplus. Alem disso, analisou-se a eficacia de compostos puros isolados dos OEs com potencial atividade acaricida, incluindo as implicacoes inerentes a aplicacao dos OEs como ativos presentes em formulacoes que poderiam estar disponiveis no mercado. Contudo, considerou-se tambem a possibilidade de associacoes dos OEs a agentes utilizados no controle biologico.   Palavras-chave: Carrapato dos Bovinos. Controle. Oleo essencial.   Abstract In Brazil, the main species of tick that compromises productivity in cattle breeding is the hematophagous ectoparasite Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus, with economic losses estimated at approximately 3.24 billion dollars annually. Such losses originate from the blood loss of the animal, from the fall in productivity, transmission of infectious agents, low efficiency of several of the tick products available on the market due to the phenomenon of resistance, among others. This tick is a vector of pathogenic agents that cause diseases that make up the tick-borne diseases complex. Generally, the control of this parasite occurs through conventional chemical acaricides. However, the indiscriminate use of these products has accelerated the process of selecting ticks resistant to the available chemical bases. In addition, there is a progressive concern regarding the safety of the environment and human and animal health. Therefore, in the search for new possibilities for the control of ticks, the use of herbal and biological products is promising alternatives for control. Investigations with plants to identify new active ingredients capable of controlling ticks have been the focus of extensive research. In this study, the current available knowledge about essential oils (EOs) tested in Brazil as acaricides on R. microplus was reviewed. In addition, the effectiveness of pure compounds isolated from EOs with potential acaricidal activity was analyzed, including the implications inherent to the application of EOs as active ingredients in formulations that could be available on the market. However, the possibility of associating EOs with agents used in biological control was also considered.   Keywords: Cattle tick. Control. Essential oil.
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