One-machine multipoint surface water on-line monitoring and identifying and quality differentiation discharging system and method

The invention relates to a one-machine multipoint surface water on-line monitoring and identifying and quality differentiation discharging system and a one-machine multipoint surface water on-line monitoring and identifying and quality differentiation discharging method. The system is characterized by comprising a plurality of flow split control mechanisms and a plurality of sampling mechanisms which are arranged at a plurality of monitoring points respectively, and on-line classification monitoring and controlling command mechanisms which are connected with the flow split control mechanisms and the sampling mechanisms, wherein each flow split control mechanism comprises a pollution discharge value and a discharging valve; each sampling mechanism is used for collecting a water sample to be detected at a monitoring point and conveying the water sample to a corresponding on-line classification monitoring and controlling command mechanism; and the on-line classification monitoring and controlling command mechanism is used for monitoring the conveyed water sample to be detected on line in a classified mode, acquiring a control command according to a monitoring result and outputting the control command to the flow split control mechanism which is consistent with the water sample to be detected for quality differentiation discharging. By the system and the method, surface water can be monitored by one machine at multiple points, so that the utilization efficiency of monitoring equipment is improved, and input cost is reduced. In addition, an early warning level monitoring systemis arranged at each monitoring point to realize quick monitoring of an early warning level monitoring project so as to monitor early warning levels.