Adaptability of Spring Triticale Varieties in the Agroecological Conditions of the Middle Amur

Abstract—Adaptability of spring triticale variety samples of various ecological and geographical origins is described in terms of productivity under the agroecological conditions of the Middle Amur. The studies took place in 2015–2017 on the fields of the breeding crop rotation belonging to the Far East Research Institute of Agriculture. Eight varieties of spring triticale from the world-class collection of the All-Russia Research Institute of Plant Industry, created in various ecological and geographical zones, were selected and analyzed as source material. Climatic conditions varied throughout the years of research: the environment index ranged from –5.05 to 4.95. The best conditions for the studied varieties were provided in 2017 with the highest environment index value. The negative value of the environment index was recorded for 2016, when soil waterlogging affected the productivity of spring triticale throughout the growing season. The genotypes of this crop exhibit diverse adaptability in the hydrothermal conditions of the Middle Amur. High resistance to stressful environmental factors was observed in the varieties Skoryi, Ulyana, and Victoria. The Rovnya genotype displayed maximum compliance with the environmental conditions of the region. The highly intensive Skoryi and Ulyana varieties were sensitive to improvements of cultivation conditions and exhibited stable productivity. Victoria was classified as an environmentally tolerant variety. In terms of environmental tolerance, the varieties of Ukro, Rovnya, Lana, Oberig kharkovskiy, and AC Certa belong to the neutral type and show unstable performance.