Biotransformacion de Residuos Lignocelulosicos con Hongos Pleurotus.

During the last few years scientists have been studied numerous microorganism that are able to degrade the components of wood, considering them as degrading agents of nature's lignine. The fungus of Phanerochaete chrysosporium and other basidiomicetes, that can also be cultivated to commercialize, such an Agaricus bisporus y Pleurotus, both edibles metabolize with certain selectivity the lignine fraction of the lignocellulosic complex, leeving a white rot residue. In Cuba sugar cane crop residues are generated, which can be used in the production of edible fungus, through a simple process of biotransformation, using strains of Pleurotus , obtaining a residual substrate to be used as animal food. In the present work carpoforus production in studied, and the residual sugar cane found in collection centers used as substrates in the fermentation in solid fase with Pleurotus fungus is characterized. In the notionse average composition of sugar cane crop, significative evidences were found in the ashes, neutro detergent fiber and hemicellulose, and also the presence of structural carbohydrates, lignine, a very small amount of proteic content and high content of rough fiber. In the fermented residues, a diminution of the substrate pH was detected in relation to the no transformed residual, as a result of the growing of the fungus, and a direct correlation with the degrading activity of the microorganism, and an increase in the content of ashes, protein, in the value of solubility and enzymatic biodegradability. The greater degradation for the substrate at 60 culture days resulted in the hemicellulose (77%) and lignine (75%) corresponding 53 % to cellulose and a 47% to the total balance of bioconversion of the process. Three harvests of carpofores collected between 30 and 60 days of culture, corresponding to the first the