Three-Dimensional Biomagnetic Flow and Heat Transfer over a Stretching Surface with Variable Fluid Properties

In this study, we investigate the effects of variable fluid properties on the flow and heat transfer of three-dimensional biomagnetic fluid over a stretching surface in the presence of a magnetic dipole. In our model, we assume that the fluid viscosity and thermal conductivity vary with temperature and the wall temperature varies in the (x, y) plane. The model used also takes into account magnetization and electrical non-conductivity, which is described by the principle of ferrohydrodynamics. The governing equations are transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations by using similarity transformations and solved numerically using the essential features of this technique. It is based on: (i) the common finite difference method with central differencing; (ii) a tridiagonal matrix manipulation; and (iii) an iterative procedure. The influence of various parameters, namely the viscosity parameter, the thermal conductivity parameter, the ferromagnetic interaction parameter, on the velocity and temperature fields is analyzed and presented graphically. This results analysis shows that the magnetic force and viscosity control the fluid behavior and the friction coefficient. The accuracy of the numerical result compares with previously published work and the results are found to be in good agreement