北京某机关人员心血管病危险因素调查分析 Investigation and Analysis on Civil Servants’ Cardiovascular Risk Factors of a Town in Beijing Daxing District

目的：了解和评价公务员特殊群体的心血管病危险因素，以确定预防策略、有的放矢的进行健康教育。方法：2016年9~10月对北京某镇机关单位全体277，最小年龄23岁，最大63岁，平均年龄38.44 ± 11.52岁，其中男性165人，女性112人，通过问卷调查获得高血压、糖尿病、血脂异常等病史，通过体格检查和实验室检查获得体重指数(BMI)、血压、血糖、血脂、血尿酸、肝功等数据。结果：277人中超重肥胖占63%、血脂异常占45.49%、高血压占39.7%、高尿酸血症占20.5%、肝功能异常占15.1%、糖尿病占11.1%。根据BMI将受检人分为超重肥胖组和对照组进一步分析发现：超重肥胖组的平均年龄、血压水平包括收缩压和舒张压、血糖、总胆固醇(TC)，甘油三酯(TG)，低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)，血尿酸(UA)，肌酐(Cr)，谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)水平均明显高于对照组，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平明显低于对照组，P值在0.01~<0.0001。超重肥胖组的男性、高血压、糖尿病、高TG、低HDL-C、高UA、高ALT、高AST者明显高于对照组，是对照组的6.9~13.2倍。结论：北京大兴区某镇机关公务员的心血管病危险因素明显高于我国的平均水平，超重肥胖者的高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病、高尿酸血症尤为升高。长期伏案工作、缺乏体育运动、超重肥胖可能是导致高血压、血脂异常、糖尿病等的首要原因。 Aim: To understand and evaluate the cardiovascular risk factors on a special group of civil serv-ants, in order to determine the prevention strategy, target for their health education. Methods: from September to October in 2016, all civil servants (277) of a town in Beijing daxing district, age from 23 to 63 years old (38.44 ± 11.52) including 165 male and 112 female were investigated. The history of hypertension, type 2 diabetes (2DM), dyslipidemia, etc. was obtained through the questionnaire, and the data of body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, glucose, lipids, uric acid, liver function and renal function were obtained through physical examination and laboratory tests. Resort: Among the 277 people, overweight obesity was 63%, dyslipidemia 63%, hypertension 39.7%, high uric acid 20.5%, abnormal liver function 15.1%, 2DM 11.1%. Based on BMI, persons were divided into overweight/obesity group and the control group. The average age, levels of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, fast blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), uric acid (UA), creatinine (Cr), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspertate aminotransferase (AST) were significantly higher, and the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) significantly lower in overweight/obesity group than that of control group, P value in 0.01 - <0.0001. The rates of hypertension, 2DM, high TG and low LDL-C, high UA, high ALT, AST were significantly higher (OR 6 - 13) in overweight obesity group than in the control group. Conclusions: Cardiovascular disease risk factors of the civil servants of a town in Beijing daxing district are significantly higher. The rates of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, high blood uric acid were especially higher in people with overweight/obesity. Working at his desk for a long time, lack of physical exercise, overweight/obesity could be the leading cause of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, etc.