Comparison of islet cell function, insulin sensitivity, and incretin axis between Asian-Indians with either impaired fasting glucose or impaired glucose tolerance, and normal healthy controls

Abstract Aims The objective of this study was to compare the islet cell function, insulin sensitivity, and incretin axis between Asian-Indians subjects with either impaired fasting glucose (IFG), or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and normal glucose tolerance (NGT). Materials and methods Prediabetes subjects underwent a mixed meal tolerance test after overnight fasting. Samples for glucose, insulin, glucagon, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) were collected at 0, 30, 60, and 120 minutes. Insulin secretion sensitivity index -2 (ISSI-2) for beta-cell function and Matsuda index for insulin sensitivity were assessed. Alpha cell function was assessed by measuring the area under the curve (AUC) 0-120 glucagon/AUC0-120 glucose. Results A total of sixty subjects were recruited with 20 in each group. The beta-cell function was impaired in prediabetes subjects as compared to NGT group (IFG: 2.09±0.44 vs. NGT: 3.04±0.80, P Conclusion Asian-Indian prediabetes subjects have reduced beta-cell function with lesser glucagon secretion during MMTT as compared to normal healthy controls.