Adaptive Deployable Entry and Placement Technology (ADEPT): A Feasibility Study for Human Missions to Mars

The present paper describes an innovative, semi-rigid, mechanically deployable hypersonic decelerator system for human missions to Mars. The approach taken in the present work builds upon previous architecture studies performed at NASA, and uses those findings as the foundation to perform analysis and trade studies. The broad objectives of the present work are: (i) to assess the viability of the concept for a heavy mass (landed mass ≈40 mT) Mars mission through system architecture studies; (ii) to contrast it with system studies previously performed by NASA; and (iii) to make the case for a Transformable Entry System Technology. The mechanically deployable concept at the heart of the proposed transformable architecture is akin to an umbrella, which in a stowed configuration meets launch requirements by conforming to the payload envelope in the launch shroud, and when deployed in earth orbit forms a large aerosurface designed to provide the necessary aerodynamic forces upon entry into the Martian atmosphere. The aerosurface is a thin skin draped over high-strength ribs; the thin skin or fabric with flexible material serves as the thermal protection system, and the ribs serve as the structure. A four-bar linkage mechanism allows for a reorientation of the aerosurface during aerocapture or during the entry and descent phases of atmospheric flight, thus providing a capability to navigate and control the vehicle and make possible precision landing. The actuators and mechanisms that are used to deploy the aerosurface are multi-functional in that they also allow for reorienting the